• 🦠 Lymphocystis – White to pink, cauliflower-like growths on skin and fins; cosmetic and rarely fatal.
• 🦠 Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) – Koi and carp; gill necrosis, sunken eyes, pale skin patches.
• 🦠 Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC) – Carp; lethargy, hemorrhages, bloated abdomen.
• 🦠 Carp Pox – Wax-like, white or gray lesions on fins and skin.
• 🦠 Goldfish Herpesvirus (GHV) – Goldfish; pale gills, occasional gill lesions.

• ✅ Quarantine New Fish – Minimum 3–4 weeks; monitor for symptoms.
• ✅ Maintain Good Water Quality – Reduces stress and disease risk.
• ✅ Proper Nutrition – Helps fish build a strong immune system.
• ✅ UV Sterilizers – Helps control viral load in recirculating systems.
• ✅ Avoid Overcrowding – Limits disease spread.
• ✅ Vaccination (Where Available) – Primarily commercial; rarely used in hobby tanks.

• 🦠 Betanodavirus (Viral Nervous Necrosis, VNN) – Spinning, whirling, neurological symptoms.
• 🦠 Iridoviruses (Megalocytivirus, Lymphocystis variants) – Angelfish, groupers; ulcers, anemia, high mortality.
• 🦠 White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) – Primarily shrimp but can infect some marine fish species.

• ✅ Quarantine New Fish – 4–6 weeks recommended.
• ✅ Optimal Water Quality – Essential to reduce stress.
• ✅ UV Sterilizers / Ozone – Helps control some viral pathogens.
• ✅ Disinfect Equipment – Prevents cross-contamination between tanks.
• ✅ Avoid Overstocking – Improves fish resilience.

Direct antiviral treatments are NOT available to hobbyists in either freshwater or saltwater. Prevention, stress management, and supportive care (clean water, good nutrition) are essential.