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Antiprotozoal Treatments (Freshwater vs. Saltwater)
🔹 Common Protozoan Parasites
- 🦠 Ich (White Spot Disease) – Small white cysts on skin and fins.
- 🦠 Velvet (Piscinoodinium / Amyloodinium) – Gold-dust sheen, rapid breathing.
- 🦠 Hexamita (Hole-in-the-Head) – Pitting holes in the head, weight loss.
🔹 Freshwater Treatment
- ✅ Metronidazole – Best for Hexamita and internal protozoa.
- ✅ Copper Sulfate – Treats Ich & Velvet (not safe for some fish or invertebrates).
- ✅ Acriflavine – Good for Ich, mild Velvet, and fungal infections.
- ✅ Formalin – Strong but highly effective against Ich & Velvet.
🔹 Saltwater Treatment
- ✅ Copper Sulfate – Best for Marine Ich (Cryptocaryon irritans).
- ✅ Chloroquine Phosphate – Copper alternative; safer for some species.
- ✅ Formalin Baths – Used for Brooklynella (Clownfish Disease).
- ✅ Freshwater Dips – Effective against Velvet, Brooklynella, and Flukes.
⚠️ General Note
Copper is toxic to invertebrates, corals, and certain fish. Use with caution and only in quarantine tanks.